PLA — The pros and cons of this bio-based material

PLA (polylactic acid) is produced through the polymerisation of lactic acid (dextrose, a type of sugar). Unlike conventional plastics, it is made from 100% renewable plant-based resources, without the use of petroleum. Bio-based, biodegradable and industrially compostable, PLA represents a significant step forward for eco-friendly packaging.

Environmental benefits of PLA

According to data provided by our PLA supplier, this material offers measurable environmental benefits compared to petroleum-based plastics:

  • 🌱', label: '70% reduction in fossil fuel consumption during production
  • 💨80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
  • ♻️Plant-based (annually renewable resource)
  • 🛢️No petroleum used in its manufacture
  • 🔄', label: 'Cycle CO₂ neutre : la plante consomme le CO₂ qu'elle rejettera en fin de vie

Where does PLA come from?

Today, the main sources of PLA feedstock are green waste from North American maize(Nebraska and Ohio): the United States consumes vast quantities of maize for food and this green waste is available in large quantities. However, other plant-based sources can also be used, such as sugarcane.

Sugar cane is the raw material of choice for BRASKEM in the production of bio-based plastics. In the coming years, PLA manufacturers will work to diversify their plant-based sources to produce an even more environmentally friendly material, whilst avoiding the risk of supply shortages.

Note: There are currently few plants worldwide capable of converting plant matter into PLA on an industrial scale. Availability remains a major challenge for the sector.

Technical specifications of PLA

In terms of its technical properties, PLA is very similar to PET.

✅ Technical advantages

  • +Oxygen barrier effect 4 times greater than that of polypropylene
  • +Transparent et brillant
  • +Rigid and mechanically strong
  • +Non sensible aux UV
  • +Imprimable

⚠️ Technical issues

  • Not very elastic, stiff, brittle
  • Not suitable for hot filling (< 60 °C)
  • Low water barrier effect
  • Ressemble au PET mais ne se recycle pas comme le PET
  • Risk of GMOs being present in sourced plant material
  • Risque de rupture d'approvisionnement

End-of-life: industrial composting

PLA packaging is bio-based, biodegradable and certifiedOK compost INDUSTRIAL. Micro-organisms are able to break it down. Even if the end consumer discards it in the wild, this packaging would eventually break down without being toxic to the environment — unlike petroleum-based plastics, which contribute to the infamous ‘7th continent’.

However, in France, there is not yet a dedicated recycling scheme for PLA. After use, PLA packaging must be placed in a green waste bin so that it can be sent to an industrial composting facility. If this collection service is not available, the PLA ends up in the general waste bin, which reduces its environmental benefits.

Pichot Laboratories’ position: In the absence of PLA recycling channels, should we halt its development? No — because without a sufficient volume of PLA packaging on the market, these channels will never develop. We must move forward together.

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